This is a question that I got recently via PM, so answering on public to make it useful for everybody.
In order to define penalty zones, both the mesh and the surfaces.ini must be modified. Let's take the following image* as an example:
*image courtesy to Brun.UK
1/ The mesh
We need to separate the meshes which we wish to treat as penalty zones from the other normal ones (it doesn't matter if it's grass, concrete, whatever). In the above image, let's suppose we wish to mark the big yellow zone as a penalty zone. We would then rename it to something different (can be anything) like: WIDECUT
2/ surfaces.ini
In the surfaces.ini for that respective track, we need to define a new surface type / key, like bellow where 3 parameters are important (the text in Italic it's just explanation, it must NOT be in your file) :
[SURFACE_X] (where x is the respective order number in your own file)
KEY=WIDECUT (or the name of your mesh)
FRICTION=0.92
DAMPING=0
WAV=kerb.wav
WAV_PITCH=1.3
FF_EFFECT=1
DIRT_ADDITIVE=0
BLACK_FLAG_TIME=5 (penalty time, in seconds)
IS_VALID_TRACK=0 (0=NO; 1=YES)
SIN_HEIGHT=0
SIN_LENGTH=0
IS_PITLANE=0
VIBRATION_GAIN=0.3
VIBRATION_LENGTH=0.6
In order to define penalty zones, both the mesh and the surfaces.ini must be modified. Let's take the following image* as an example:
*image courtesy to Brun.UK
1/ The mesh
We need to separate the meshes which we wish to treat as penalty zones from the other normal ones (it doesn't matter if it's grass, concrete, whatever). In the above image, let's suppose we wish to mark the big yellow zone as a penalty zone. We would then rename it to something different (can be anything) like: WIDECUT
2/ surfaces.ini
In the surfaces.ini for that respective track, we need to define a new surface type / key, like bellow where 3 parameters are important (the text in Italic it's just explanation, it must NOT be in your file) :
[SURFACE_X] (where x is the respective order number in your own file)
KEY=WIDECUT (or the name of your mesh)
FRICTION=0.92
DAMPING=0
WAV=kerb.wav
WAV_PITCH=1.3
FF_EFFECT=1
DIRT_ADDITIVE=0
BLACK_FLAG_TIME=5 (penalty time, in seconds)
IS_VALID_TRACK=0 (0=NO; 1=YES)
SIN_HEIGHT=0
SIN_LENGTH=0
IS_PITLANE=0
VIBRATION_GAIN=0.3
VIBRATION_LENGTH=0.6